Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Principles and Process. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.
The first step in the isolation of DNA from a plant tissue is: Breaking the cell wall with cellulase Treatment with RNAse Precipitation with ethanol Treatment with Protease During the process of making a bacterial cell 'competent', the 'heat shock' is given at what temperature? 42 C 37 C 100 C 0 C A mature molecule of human insulin consists of two polypeptide chains held together by how many total disulfide bonds? 3 1 2 4 In the cloning vector pBR322 , the recognition site for the restriction enzyme Eco RI is located at which position relative to the ori ? It is located outside the antibiotic resistance genes It is located within the ampR gene It is located within the tetR gene It is located within the rop region The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid is flanked by which specific sequences that are recognized by the vir machinery? 25-bp border repeats Palindromic promoters Poly-A tails Start and Stop codons In RNA interference (RNAi), what is the source of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiates the silencing of specific mRNA? Mobile genetic elements called transposons Direct transcription of the host genome Ribosomal RNA of the pathogen Single-stranded DNA from a virus In the cloning vector pBR322 , which restriction site is located within the ampicillin resistance ( amp R ) gene along with Pst I? Pvu I Pvu II Bam HI Sal I The source of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) used in RNA interference (RNAi) can be from which of the following? Mobile genetic elements called transposons The host cell's ribosomal RNA Bacterial plasmids only The nuclear envelope during mitosis In the cloning vector pBR322 , which restriction site is found specifically within the 'rop' region? Pvu II Pst I Bam HI Eco RI In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated. A higher concentration of agarose in the gel will result in: Smaller pores, which better separate smaller DNA fragments. Larger pores, which better separate very large DNA fragments. Faster migration of all DNA fragments towards the anode. The denaturation of double-stranded DNA into single strands. Which chemical agent is commonly used to induce protoplast fusion in somatic hybridization? Polyethylene glycol (PEG) Calcium chloride Ethidium bromide Hydrochloric acid The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given a definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional views and modern molecular biotechnology. This definition is: The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services. The use of genetically modified organisms for the benefit of mankind. The industrial application of living organisms to produce enzymes. The manipulation of genes to create transgenic animals for medical research. A protein that is produced in a 'heterologous host' is technically referred to as: Recombinant protein Native protein Hybrid protein Synthetic protein What is the typical volume capacity of a stirred-tank bioreactor used for large-scale production of recombinant proteins? 100 - 1000 liters 10 - 50 liters 1000 - 5000 liters 5000 - 10000 liters In 1983, which American company first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to chains A and B of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli ? Eli Lilly Genentech Monsanto Pfizer PCR is used for the early detection of HIV because it can: Detect very low amounts of DNA or RNA before symptoms appear. Synthesize antibodies against the virus. Kill the virus using thermal cycling. Visualize the virus under a light microscope. The term 'Bio-patent' refers to a patent granted for: Biological entities and products derived from them Only pharmaceutical drugs Traditional knowledge of indigenous people Agricultural machinery Which component of a stirred-tank bioreactor is specifically designed to control the bubbles generated during the process? Foam breaker Agitator system Oxygen delivery system Sampling port Today, more than 900 restriction enzymes have been isolated from over how many strains of bacteria? 230 900 150 500 Which of the following describes 'RNA interference' (RNAi) correctly as a biological process? A method of cellular defense in all eukaryotic organisms A technique for DNA amplification in prokaryotes A method to induce mutations in plant genomes A process used to join two different RNA molecules In the biolistics or gene gun method, the micro-particles of gold or tungsten are coated with DNA and bombarded into target cells at: High velocity Low temperature High pressure only Zero gravity The first restriction endonuclease, Hind II, always cuts DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence of: Six base pairs Four base pairs Eight base pairs Five base pairs Which two core techniques enabled the birth of modern biotechnology? Genetic engineering and Bioprocess engineering RNA interference and DNA fingerprinting Somatic hybridization and Plant tissue culture Micro-propagation and Gel electrophoresis Which of the following is an extrachromosomal, self-replicating, double-stranded, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria? Plasmid Nucleoid Mitochondrial DNA Ribosome In gel electrophoresis, the speed at which DNA fragments move through the agarose gel is: Inversely proportional to their size Directly proportional to their size Independent of their size Dependent only on the voltage Which of the following microorganisms is the source of the restriction endonuclease Bam HI? Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus thuringiensis Escherichia coli RY 13 Haemophilus influenzae The DNA ligase most commonly used in recombinant DNA technology to join 'sticky ends' is isolated from which source? Bacteriophage T4 Escherichia coli Thermus aquaticus Agrobacterium tumefaciens Which method of gene transfer involves the use of high-voltage electric pulses to create transient pores in the cell membrane for DNA entry? Electroporation Microinjection Biolistics Chemical-mediated transfer What is the fundamental difference between the action of an exonuclease and an endonuclease? Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA, while endonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA. Exonucleases cut DNA at specific internal sequences, while endonucleases remove nucleotides from the 5' or 3' ends. Exonucleases only act on single-stranded DNA, while endonucleases only act on double-stranded DNA. Exonucleases join DNA fragments together, while endonucleases break the phosphodiester bonds. A genetically engineered micro-organism use successfully in bioremediation of oil spills is a species of Trichoderma Xanthomonas Bacillus Pseudomonas. In cloning of cattle, a fertilized egg is taken out of the mother’s womb and in the eight cell stage, cells are separated and cultured untill small embryos are formed which are implanted into the womb of other cow in the eight cell stage the individual cells are separated under electrical field for further development in culture media. from this upto eight identical twins can be produced the egg is divided into 4 pairs of cells which are implanted into the womb of other cows Polyethylene glycol method is used for : Energy production from sewage Gene transfer without a vector Biodiesel production Seedless fruit production Which of the following is not correctly matched for the organism and its cell wall degrading enzyme? Bacteria - Lysozyme Plant cells - Cellulase Algae - Methylase Fungi - Chitinase The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of Non-recombinant bacteria containing beta-galactosidase Insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in non-recombinant bacteria Insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in recombinant bacteria Inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria In the nomenclature of the restriction enzyme Eco RI, the letter 'R' is derived from: The name of the strain of the bacterium ( RY 13 ). The name of the scientist who discovered it (Roberts). The order in which the enzyme was isolated. The genus name of the source organism. An analysis of chromosomal DNA using the Southern hybridization technique does not use :- Electrophoresis Blotting Autoradiography PCR Following statements describe the characteristics of the enzyme Restriction Endonuclease. Identify the incorrect statement. (1) The enzyme recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA. (2) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified position within the DNA. (3) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts only one of the two strands. (4) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone at specific sites on each strand. Identify the wrong statement with regard to Restriction Enzymes. They cut the strand of DNA at palindromic sites. They are useful in genetic engineering. Sticky ends can be joined by using DNA ligases. Each restriction enzyme functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence. Match the organism with its use in biotechnology. Select the correct option from the following: (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) The specific palindromic sequence which is recognized by EcoRI is 5′ - GGAACC - 3′ 3′ - CCTTGG - 5′ 5′ - CTTAAG - 3′ 3′ - GAATTC - 5′ 5′ - GGATCC - 3′ 3′ - CCTAGG - 5′ 5′ - GAATTC - 3′ 3′ - CTTAAG - 5′ Match the following columns and array ll Column-I & Column-II (a) Bt cotton & (i) Gene therapy (b) Adenosine deaminase deficiency & (ii) Cellular defence (c) RNAi & (iii) Detection of HIV infection (d) PCR & (iv) Bacillus thuringiensis array select the correct option. a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii Match List-I with List-II array ll List-I & List-II (a) Protoplast fusion & (i) Totipotency (b) Plant tissue culture & (ii) Pomato (c) Meristem culture & (iii) Somaclones (d) Micropropagation & (iv) Virus free plants array Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (a) (ii), (b) (i), (c) (iv), (d) (iii) (a) (iii), (b) (iv), (c) (i), (d) (ii) (a) (iv), (b) (iii), (c) (ii), (d) (i) (a) (iii), (b) (iv), (c) (ii), (d) (i) Plasmid pBR322 has PstI restriction enzyme site within gene amp R that confers ampicillin resistance. If this enzyme is used for inserting a gene for β-galactoside production and the recombinant plasmid is inserted in an E.coli strain The transformed cells will have the ability to resist ampicillin as well as produce β-galactoside It will lead to lysis of host cell It will be able to produce a novel protein with dual ability It will not be able to confer ampicillin resistance to the host cell Transposons can be used during which one of the following? Gene Silencing Autoradiography Gene sequencing Polymerase Chain Reaction In the following palindromic base sequences of DNA, which one can be cut easily by particular restriction enzyme? 5′GAATTC3′; 3′CTTAAG5′ 5′CTCAGT3′; 3′GAGTCA5′ 5′GTATTC3′; 3′CATAAG5′ 5′GATACT3′; 3′CTATGA5′ During the isolation of DNA from a bacterial cell, which of the following enzymes is used to remove RNA and proteins respectively? Ribonuclease and Protease Deoxyribonuclease and Lysozyme Cellulase and Pectinase Lipase and Amylase Given below are two statements: Statement I: Restriction endonucleases recognise specific sequence to cut DNA known as palindromic nucleotide sequence. Statement II: Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA strand a little away from the centre of the palindromic site. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence. A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme C. Isolation of desired DNA fragment D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR Choose the correct answer from the options given below : B, C, D, A C, A, B, D C, B, D, A B, D, A, C What is the fate of a piece of DNA carrying only gene of interest which is transferred into an alien organism? A. The piece of DNA would be able to multiply itself independently in the progeny cells of the organism. B. It may get integrated into the genome of the recipient. C. It may multiply and be inherited along with the host DNA. D. The alien piece of DNA is not an integral part of chromosome. E. It shows ability to replicate. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A and B only D and E only B and C only A and E only The following diagram showing restriction sites in E. coli cloning vector pBR322. Find the role of ‘X’ and ‘Y’ genes : The gene ‘X’ is responsible for resistance to antibiotics and ‘Y’ for protein involved in the replication of Plasmid. The gene ‘X’ is responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA and ‘Y’ for protein involved in the replication of Plasmid. The gene ‘X’ is for protein involved in replication of Plasmid and ‘Y’ for resistance to antibiotics. Gene ‘X’ is responsible for recognitions sites and ‘Y’ is responsible for antibiotic resistance. Given below are two statements : Statement I : The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA. Statement II : Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near anode while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct Both statement I and statement II are correct Both statement I and statement II are incorrect Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect The blue and white selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinant colonies from non-recombinant colonies on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. Given below are two statements about this method: Statement I : The blue coloured colonies have DNA insert in the plasmid and they are identified as recombinant colonies. Statement II : The colonies without blue colour have DNA insert in the plasmid and are identified as recombinant colonies. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Which of the following enzyme(s) are NOT essential for gene cloning? A. Restriction enzymes B. DNA ligase C. DNA mutase D. DNA recombinase E. DNA polymerase Choose the correct answer from the options given below: B and C only C and D only A and B only D and E only In the above represented plasmid, an alien piece of DNA is inserted at EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies? Blue color colonies grown on ampicillin plates can be selected. Using ampicillin & tetracyline containing medium plate. Blue color colonies will be selected. White color colonies will be selected. Which of the following statements are not true regarding restriction endonucleases? A. They are called molecular scissors. B. These are the enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophages in E. coli. C. They cut the DNA only at the centre of the palindromic sites. D. They remove nucleotides only from the ends of DNA fragments. E. They recognise specific palindromic base-pair sequences. Choose the answer from the options given below : C and D only A and E only D and E only A and B only Arrange the following steps of somatic hybridisation in a correct sequence. A. Digestion of cell walls. B. Isolation of naked protoplasts. C. Fusion of protoplasts to get hybrid protoplast. D. Isolation of single cells from two different varieties of plants. E. Growing of hybrid protoplast to form a new plant. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: D, B, A, E, C E, A, B, C, D E, B, A, D, C D, A, B, C, E The enzyme used to join DNA fragments is: DNA Ligase DNA Polymerase Restriction Endonuclease Helicase Which of the following statements are correct with respect to DNA separation, isolation and visualization? A. The cutting of DNA is done by molecular scissors. B. The DNA fragments separate according to their size in an agarose gel, upon electrophoresis. C. The separated DNA fragments can be seen without staining when exposed to UV light. D. The separated DNA fragments, when stained with ethidium bromide, can be seen in visible light. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A and B only B and D only A and D only B and C only In molecular diagnosis, a clone having a mutated gene will not appear on a photographic film using autoradiography because: The probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene The mutated gene prevents the probe from becoming radioactive The mutated gene is too small to be detected The photographic film is insensitive to mutated DNA During PCR, primers bind to the DNA strands in the step. denaturation extension annealing ligation Given below are two statements : Statement I : Plasmids are autonomously replicating DNA. Statement II : Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below : Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A : In recombinant DNA technology, lysozyme is used for disrupting bacterial cells while cellulase is for plant cells. Reason R : Isolation of genetic material needs disruption of cells. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A A is correct but R is not correct A is not correct but R is correct Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II A sequence of DNA that acts as the starting point for replication and is also responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA is called: Origin of replication ( Ori ) Selectable marker Cloning site Promoter region In the process of DNA fingerprinting or molecular diagnosis, a radioactively labeled single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule is called a: Probe Vector Primer Template To precipitate the purified DNA during the final step of DNA isolation, which reagent is added? Chilled ethanol Isopropanol at room temperature Cold hydrochloric acid Saturated sodium chloride The source of the restriction enzyme Hind III is the bacterium: Haemophilus influenzae Helicobacter pylori Haemophilus ducreyi Agrobacterium tumefaciens The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) definition of biotechnology was established in which year? 1981 1972 1990 1953 In the nomenclature of the restriction enzyme Eco RI, the 'R' is derived from which of the following? The name of the strain The name of the genus The name of the species The order in which it was isolated The extraction of the separated bands of DNA from the agarose gel piece is technically known as: Elution Transformation Transfection Annealing In the cloning vector pBR322 , the 'p', 'B', and 'R' respectively stand for: Plasmid, Bolivar, Rodriguez Plasmid, Bacterium, Recombinant Protein, Bolivar, Rodriguez Plasmid, Bacteriophage, Ray The specific DNA sequence in a genome which is responsible for initiating replication is: Origin of replication Selectable marker Cloning site Promoter In the context of DNA isolation, the enzyme 'Ribonuclease' is used to remove: RNA Proteins Polysaccharides Lipids The enzyme 'Taq polymerase' used in PCR is particularly useful because it: Remains active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double-stranded DNA Can synthesize DNA in both 5' 3' and 3' 5' directions Does not require primers to start DNA synthesis Can replicate both RNA and DNA templates A recombinant DNA molecule is produced by the action of: Restriction endonuclease and DNA ligase DNA polymerase and Primase RNA polymerase and Helicase Reverse transcriptase and Integrase The first recombinant DNA was constructed by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in the year: 1972 1953 1990 1983 The restriction enzyme Eco RI cuts the DNA strand at a specific palindromic sequence. Between which two bases does it make the cut? G and A A and T T and C G and C During the isolation of DNA, the collection of purified DNA as fine threads in the suspension by adding chilled ethanol is known as: Spooling Elution Sieving Annealing Which of the following is used as a vector for cloning genes in plants? Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium pBR322 Bacteriophage Retrovirus The matrix used in gel electrophoresis, agarose, is a natural polymer extracted from: Sea weeds Fungi Bacteria Lichens In the nomenclature of the restriction enzyme Eco RI, the part 'co' refers to the: Species of the bacterium Genus of the bacterium Strain of the bacterium Order of isolation During DNA isolation, the enzyme 'Protease' is added to the mixture to: Remove proteins Break the cell wall Degrade RNA Precipitate DNA DNA ligase is often referred to as 'genetic glue'. Its primary role in recombinant DNA technology is to: Join the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments Break the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases Add new nucleotides to a growing RNA strand Synthesize primers for DNA replication The pro-insulin molecule in humans contains an extra stretch of polypeptide called the: C-peptide A-peptide B-peptide S-peptide The 'Human Insulin' (Humulin) is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of: Escherichia coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rhizobium Agrobacterium In a stirred-tank bioreactor, the 'sampling ports' are used for which of the following purposes? To withdraw small volumes of the culture periodically To add large quantities of nutrients during the process To remove the foam produced during agitation To monitor the temperature of the medium In the naming of restriction enzymes, what does the Roman numeral at the end (e.g., the 'I' in Eco RI) indicate? The order in which the enzyme was isolated from that strain The number of cut sites the enzyme has The number of subunits in the enzyme The year of discovery of the enzyme Which enzyme is specifically used to break the cell wall of bacteria to release the DNA during the isolation process? Lysozyme Cellulase Chitinase Ribonuclease Extraction of DNA from a bacterial cell involves the use of which enzyme to break the cell wall? Lysozyme Cellulase Chitinase Ribonuclease The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called: Downstream processing Upstream processing Bioprocessing Post-production processing Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer constructed the first recombinant DNA molecule by using the native plasmid of which bacterium? Salmonella typhimurium Escherichia coli Bacillus thuringiensis Agrobacterium tumefaciens In the PCR process, the synthesis of new DNA strands by Taq polymerase always occurs in which direction? 5' 3' 3' 5' Both 5' 3' and 3' 5' Depends on the primer sequence The construction of the first recombinant DNA by Cohen and Boyer involved the use of which specific enzyme to 'glue' the antibiotic-resistance gene to the plasmid vector? DNA ligase DNA polymerase Restriction endonuclease Reverse transcriptase production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because Bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions The mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria The human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell The genetic code is universal Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are- Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage Diplococcus sp.and Pseudomonas sp. Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis elegans Restriction endonuclease - (1) Cuts the DNA molecule randomly (2) Cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites (3) Restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nucleus (4) Synthesizes DNA which one of the following is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants ? Penicillium expansum Trichoderma harzianum Meloidogyne incognita Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transgenic plants are the ones - Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by Centrifugation Polymerase chain reaction Electrophoresis Restriction mapping Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA? Bacterial artificial chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome Plasmid Cosmid The two strands of DNA are separated by heating in PCR during the step called: Denaturation Annealing Extension Ligation Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids? Independent replication Circular structure Transferable Single - stranded The tag polymerase enzyme is obtained from : Thermus aquaticus Thiobacillus ferroxidans Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas putida Which of the following is a restriction endonuclease? (1) Hind II (2) Protease (3) DNase I (4) RNase Restriction endonucleases are: Used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules Used for in vitro DNA synthesis Synthesized by bacteria as part of their defense mechanism Present in mammalian cell for degradation of DNA when the cell dies Which of the following is not true for callus culture? It can be used for micropropagation Somaclonal variation is generated Parenchyma tissue increases by continuous mitotic divisions Meiotic divisions are frequent A genetically engineered bacterium first used for cleaning the oil spills, was a species of : Rhizobium Escherichia Pseudomonas Bacillus The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is Denaturation, Extension, Annealing Annealing, Extension, Denaturation Extension, Denaturation, Annealing Denaturation, Annealing, Extension DNA precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment with Chilled chloroform Isopropanol Chilled ethanol Methanol at room temperature Which one of the following equipments is essentially required for growing microbes on a large scale, for industrial production of enzymes? Bioreactor BOD incubator Sludge digester Industrial oven The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed (1) Ori site (2) Palindromic sequence (3) Recognition site (4) Selectable marker In which year did Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer accomplish the construction of the first recombinant DNA by linking an antibiotic-resistance gene with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium? 1972 1963 1975 1982 In gel electrophoresis, separated DNA fragments can be visualized with the help of Ethidium bromide in UV radiation Acetocarmine in UV radiation Ethidium bromide in infrared radiation Acetocarmine in bright blue light Choose the correct pair from the following Polymerases - Break the DNA into fragments Nucleases - Separate the two strands of DNA Exonucleases - Make cuts at specific positions within DNA Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)? Denaturation, Extension, Annealing Extension, Denaturation, Annealing Annealing, Denaturation, Extension Denaturation, Annealing, Extension During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out : DNA Histones Polysaccharides RNA DNA strands on a gel stained with ethidium bromide when viewed under UV radiation, appear as Bright orange bands Dark red bands Bright blue bands Yellow bands Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)? Gene amplification Purification of isolated protein Detection of gene mutation Molecular diagnosis During the process of gene amplification using PCR, if very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning, then which of the following steps of PCR will be affected first? Extension Denaturation Ligation Annealing A specific recognition sequence identified by endonucleases to make cuts at specific positions within the DNA is: Okazaki sequences Palindromic Nucleotide sequences Poly(A) tail sequences Degenerate primer sequence Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : Polymerase chain reaction is used in DNA amplification. Reason (R) : The ampicillin resistant gene is used as a selectable marker to check transformation In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below : Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct (A) is not correct but (R) is correct Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) Which one of the following statement is not true regarding gel electrophoresis technique? The separated DNA fragments are stained by using ethidium bromide. The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured DNA bands on the gel. Bright orange coloured bands of DNA can be observed in the gel when exposed to UV light. The process of extraction of separated DNA strands from gel is called elution. In the nomenclature of restriction enzymes like Eco RI, what does the Roman numeral 'I' signify? The order in which the enzyme was isolated from the strain The number of recognition sites on the DNA The number of subunits in the enzyme The specific strain of the bacterium Which of the following is not a desirable feature of a cloning vector? Presence of a marker gene Presence of single restriction enzyme site Presence of two or more recognition sites Presence of origin of replication Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with ethidium bromide will show Bright red colour Bright blue colour Bright yellow colour Bright orange colour During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out RNA DNA Histones Polysaccharides In gene gun method used to introduce alien DNA into host cells, microparticles of metal are used. Copper Zinc Tungsten or gold Silver Which of the following is not a cloning vector? BAC YAC pBR322 Probe The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called: Totipotency Micropropagation Differentiation Somatic hybridization Hind II always cuts DNA molecules at a particular point called recognition sequence and it consists of: 8 bp 6 bp 4 bp 10 bp Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridization involving two varieties of plants? (1) Callus (2) Somatic embryos (3) Protoplasts (4) Pollens Which of the following statements is incorrect? A bio-reactor provides optimal growth conditions for achieving the desired product Most commonly used bio-reactors are of stirring type Bio-reactors are used to produce small scale bacterial cultures Bio-reactors have an agitator system, an oxygen delivery system and foam control system The “Ti plasmid” of Agrobacterium tumefaciens stands for Tumour inhibiting plasmid Tumor independent plasmid Tumor inducing plasmid Temperature independent plasmid In the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the temperature required for the 'Denaturation' step is typically: 94 C to 96 C 50 C to 60 C 72 C 37 C Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam braker from the given figure. C A B D Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA following the equation. 2N 2 N 2 2 n 2n + 1 Match List I with List II: array llll ; & List-I & ; & List-II A. & Genetically modified organism & (I) & Agrobacterium tumefaciens B. & Thermostable DNA polymerase & (II) & Bt cotton C. & Ti plasmid & (III) & Thermus aquaticus D. & pBR322 & (IV) & Escherichia coli array Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III Identify the correct sequence of steps in each cycle of Polymerase Chain Reaction : Denaturation → Extension → Annealing Denaturation → Annealing → Extension Annealing → Denaturation → Extension Extension → Annealing → Denaturation Insertion of a foreign DNA at BamHI site in an E.coli cloning vector pBR322 results in the loss of antibiotic resistance towards: Ampicillin and tetracycline Ampicillin Tetracycline Gentamycin In the Human Genome Project, the acronym 'ELSI' refers to: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Enzyme-Linked Sequential Identification Evolutionary Lineage and Species Interaction Exon-Linker Sequence Integration During the sequencing of the human genome, what were the common vectors used for cloning large DNA fragments? BAC and YAC pBR322 and pUC18 Expression vectors Ti plasmid In the Human Genome Project, the sequence of which chromosome was completed last in May 2006? Chromosome 1 Chromosome 22 Chromosome X Chromosome Y The method used to sequence the whole set of genome that contained all the coding and non-coding sequences is called: Sequence Annotation Expressed Sequence Tags DNA Fingerprinting Southern Blotting In the Human Genome Project, the strategy focusing on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA is referred to as: Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) Sequence Annotation Gene Mapping Bioinformatics Agrobacterium tumefaciens is called a 'natural genetic engineer' because it can naturally transfer a piece of DNA into plant cells. This DNA is known as: T-DNA pBR322 rDNA cDNA In the Human Genome Project, the scientists identified about 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences occur. These are called: SNPs VNTRs ESTs BACs In the Human Genome Project, the automated DNA sequencers worked on the principle of a method developed by: Frederick Sanger Marshall Nirenberg Erwin Chargaff Maurice Wilkins Variation in the number of tandem repeats at specific loci on DNA is the basis of: DNA Fingerprinting Gene therapy Reverse transcription DNA denaturation In the pBR322 vector, if a foreign DNA is ligated at the Pst I site, which of the following will occur? The bacterium will lose its resistance to ampicillin The bacterium will lose its resistance to tetracycline The bacterium will become resistant to kanamycin The plasmid will lose its ability to replicate In the screening of recombinants, 'Insertional Inactivation' of the -galactosidase gene results in: White colonies in the presence of X-gal Blue colonies in the presence of X-gal No growth of colonies on the medium Lysis of the host cells In the cloning vector pBR322 , the restriction site for Pvu II is located in which specific region? rop gene amp R gene tet R gene ori region To produce human insulin (Humulin), Eli Lilly company synthesized two DNA sequences corresponding to chains A and B and introduced them into E. coli plasmids. Why were they produced separately? To prevent the formation of pro-insulin containing the C-peptide Because E. coli cannot synthesize two proteins at once To ensure the chains were not digested by bacterial proteases Because the two chains have different genetic codes In the cloning vector pBR322 , the restriction site for the enzyme Pst I is located within the: Ampicillin resistance gene ( amp R ) Tetracycline resistance gene ( tet R ) rop gene Origin of replication ( ori ) In the human pro-insulin molecule, the C-peptide is composed of how many amino acids? 33 21 30 51 The 'vir' (virulence) genes, which are necessary for the transfer of T-DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into the plant genome, are located: Outside the T-DNA region on the Ti plasmid Within the T-DNA region On the bacterial chromosome On the plant chromosome