Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Mechanisms of Evolution. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.
At a particular locus, frequency of 'A' allele is 0.6 and that of 'a' is 0.4. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium - 0.24 0.16 0.48 0.36 The factor that leads to Founder effect in a population is : Genetic recombination Mutation Genetic drift Natural selection Natural selection where more individuals acquire specific character value other than the mean character value, leads to Directional change Disruptive change Random change Stabilising change Which of the following statements is not true? Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy Homology indicates common ancestry Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution Given below are two statements: Statement I: RNA mutates at a faster rate. Statement II: Viruses having RNA genome and shorter life span mutate and evolve faster. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: Both Statement I and Statement II are true. Both Statement I and Statement II are false. Statement I is true but Statement II is false. Statement I is false but Statement II is true. Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Genetic recombination Genetic drift Gene migration Constant gene pool Darwin's Finches show a variety of beaks as an adaptation to different feeding habits. This phenomenon is a classic example of: Adaptive Radiation Parallel Evolution Saltation Mutation Analogous organs arise due to: Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Genetic drift Artificial selection In the study of industrial melanism in England, why did the population of dark-winged moths (Biston betularia) increase after industrialization? They were camouflaged against the soot-covered tree trunks They had a higher reproductive rate than white moths The white moths mutated into dark moths due to pollution Lichens grew better on polluted trees, providing food for dark moths The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are: Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution Homologous structures and represent convergent evolution Homologous structures and represent divergent evolution Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth (Biston betularia) proves that: The true black phenotype arises by a recurring random mutation The melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter form in industrial area The lighter-form moths survive better in industrial areas Natural selection operates by differential survival Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution - production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning Development of organs from 'stem' cells for organ transplantation Development of transgenic animals Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects The phenomenon where more individuals acquire peripheral character values at both ends of the distribution curve is called: Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Directional selection Progressive selection Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins Bones of forelimbs of Whale and Bat Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita Heart of man and heart of cheetah Which type of natural selection occurs when the environment favors average phenotypes and acts against extreme variations? Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Artificial selection The occurrence of various marsupials in Australia, such as the Kangaroo, Sugar glider, and Tasmanian wolf, each evolved from an ancestral stock, is an example of: Adaptive radiation Convergent evolution Parallel evolution Co-evolution Excessive use of herbicides and pesticides has resulted in the selection of resistant varieties in a much lesser time scale. This is an example of: Evolution by anthropogenic action Adaptive radiation Natural selection by geological time Saltation The thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are examples of: Homologous organs Analogous organs Vestigial organs Atavism The flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of: Analogous organs Homologous organs Vestigial organs Atavism Natural selection where more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value, leading to the shift of the peak in one direction, is known as: Directional selection Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Random selection The similarity in the eyes of Octopus and Mammals is an example of: Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Saltation Genetic drift The evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography is called: Adaptive Radiation Natural Selection Saltation Divergent Evolution De Vries gave his mutation theory on organic evolution while working on - Oenothera lamarckiana Drosophila melanogaster Pisum sativum Althea rosea Which of the following pairs represents convergent evolution between Australian marsupials and placental mammals? Numbat and Anteater Mole and Mouse Kangaroo and Tiger Wolf and Sloth Which of the following is an example of analogous organs in plants? Sweet potato and Potato Thorns of Citrus and tendrils of Cucurbita Leaves of Venus flytrap and pitcher plant Stem of Ginger and Colocasia Which of the following is a pair of placental mammals and their corresponding Australian marsupial equivalents showing convergent evolution? Lemur and Spotted Cuscus Wolf and Kangaroo Mole and Wombat Flying Squirrel and Koala In natural selection, when the environment favors both extreme phenotypes and eliminates the intermediate ones, the distribution curve shows two peaks. This is called: Disruptive Selection Stabilizing Selection Directional Selection Artificial Selection Darwin observed that the giant tortoises of the Galapagos Islands evolved different shell shapes (dome-shaped vs saddle-backed) primarily as an adaptation to: The height of available vegetation The presence of predators Changes in rainfall patterns Differences in mating rituals The formation of new species due to reproductive isolation caused by a physical geographic barrier (like a mountain range or ocean) is termed as: Allopatric Speciation Sympatric Speciation Parapatric Speciation Peripatric Speciation Which of the following describes 'Genetic Load' in a population? The presence of unfavorable recessive alleles in the heterozygous state The total number of genes in a population The rate of mutation in a population The capacity of a population to survive a bottleneck The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes is called: Gene flow Genetic drift Natural selection Mutation Sickle cell anemia has not been eliminated from the African population because- (1) It is controlled by recessive genes (2) It is not a fatal disease (3) It provides immunity against malaria (4) It is controlled by dominant genes Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that the melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter form in industrial area the lighter-form moth has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial area or non-polluted area melanism is a pollution-generated feature the true black melanic forms arise by a recurring random mutation. One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is preventing speciation speciation through reproductive isolation random creation of new species no change in the isolated fauna. Select the correct statement from the following? Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and gets selected by nature All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae Mutations are random and directional Darwinian variations are small and directionless. The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by Random mating Lack of migration Lack of mutations Lack of random mating In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is :- 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 A gene locus has two alleles A, a. If the frequency of dominant allele A is 0.4, then what will be the frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive individuals in the population? 0.16(AA); 0.36(Aa); 0.48(aa) 0.36(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.16(aa) 0.16(AA); 0.24(Aa); 0.36(aa) 0.16(AA); 0.48(Aa); 0.36(aa) In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from 2 to 5 kg. 97% of the newborn with an average weight between 3 to 3.3 kg survive whereas 99% of the infants born with weights from 2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 kg die. Which type of selection process is taking place? Cyclical Selection Directional Selection Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection Natural selection can lead to . (a) stabilisation (b) genetic drift (c) directional change (d) disruption Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (a) only (a), (c) and (d) only (a), (b), (c) and (d) (a) and (c) only A population of diploid organisms is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is 0.1, the frequency of AA is . 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.99 In the case of peppered moth ( Biston betularia ) the black-coloured from became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of - Inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected. Appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight Protective mimicry Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as Genetic flow Genetic drift Random mating Genetic load According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is Phenotypic variations Saltation Multiple step mutations Minor mutations Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries are (1) small and directionless (2) random and directional (3) random and directionless (4) small and directional Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action? (a) Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands. (b) Herbicide resistant weeds. (c) Drug resistant eukaryotes. (d) Man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs. (1) (a) and (c) (2) (b), (c) and (d) (3) only (d) (4) only (a)