Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Evolution. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.
Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era characterized by- Gymnosperms are dominant plants and first birds appear Radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal like reptiles Dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appear Flowering plants and first dinosaurs appear Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird ? (1) Dorsal fin of a Shark (2) Wing of a Moth (3) Hind limb of Rabbit (4) Flipper of Whale Analogous structures are a result of :- (1) Divergent evolution (2) Convergent evolution (3) Shared ancestry (4) Stabilizing selection Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are the example of Radiation Homologous structure Analogous structure Divergent evolution The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of Convergent evolution Analogy Homology Adaptive radiation Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of Convergent evolution Industrial melanism Natural selection Adaptive radiation The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the Adaptive radiation Natural selection Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution. Analogy, divergent Analogy, convergent Homology, divergent Homology, convergent The process of 'Saltation' was proposed by: Hugo de Vries Charles Darwin Lamarck Thomas Malthus Which of the following is considered a 'connecting link' between reptiles and birds, providing evidence for evolution? Archaeopteryx Seymouria Ichthyostega Pteranodon According to Darwin, organic evolution is due to: Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Reduced feeding efficiency Saltation Evolutionary history of an organism is known as- Phylogeny Ancestry Paleontology Ontogeny The 'Biogenetic Law' which states 'Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny' was proposed by: Ernst Haeckel Charles Darwin Lamarck Hugo de Vries The two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution are: Branching descent and Natural selection Mutation and Genetic drift Saltation and Adaptation Use and Disuse of organs Lamarck's theory of evolution was published in his book titled: Philosophie Zoologique The Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species Systema Naturae Which evidence for evolution is based on the study of similar structures performing different functions due to adaptations to different needs? Homology Analogy Atavism Vestigial organs The similarity in the pattern of bones of forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs, and humans is an example of: Homology Analogy Convergent evolution Saltation According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe originated approximately how many years ago? 20 billion years 4.5 billion years 500 million years 4 billion years The theory of 'Inheritance of Acquired Characters' was given by: Jean Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin August Weismann Hugo de Vries The mutation theory based on the study of evening primrose ( Oenothera lamarckiana ) was proposed by: Hugo de Vries Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin Thomas Malthus Evidence that evolution of life forms has indeed taken place on earth has come from many quarters. Which evidence is provided by fossils? Paleontological evidence Morphological evidence Biogeographical evidence Embryological evidence According to Hugo de Vries, the primary mechanism of evolution is 'Saltation', which means: Single step large mutation Gradual accumulation of small variations Survival of the fittest Inheritance of acquired traits The finches of Galapagos islands provide an evidence in favour of evolution due to mutation retrogressive evolution biogeographical evolution special creation. The 'nictitating membrane' in the human eye is considered a/an: Vestigial organ Analogous organ Homologous organ Atavistic organ Which of the following is an example of 'anthropogenic evolution'? Herbicide resistance in weeds Evolution of the horse Darwin's finches in Galapagos Marsupial radiation in Australia Which era is known as the 'Era of Medieval Life' and saw the dominance of dinosaurs? Mesozoic Cenozoic Paleozoic Proterozoic Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans? Vermiform appendix Pinna of ear Functional mammary glands in females Incisor teeth Which one of the following statement is correct? there is no evidence of the existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals all plant and animal cells are totipotent ontogeny repeats phylogeny stem cells are specialized cells. The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called Natural selection Convergent evolution Non-random evolution Adaptive radiation Which one of the following are analogous structures :- Wings of Bat and Wings of Pigeon. Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man. Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita Flippers of Dolphin and Legs of Horse Continental drift led to disappearance of a number of South American mammals because: Alteration of vegetation was not conducive to their survival There was an outbreak of a number of infectious diseases Sudden change in the climatic conditions They were outcompeted by more highly evolved animals reaching here form North America Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option : Brain of bat, man and cheetah Heart of bat, man and cheetah Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah Eye of octopus, bat and man Match List - I with List - II array ll List - I & List - II (a) Adaptive radiation & (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides (b) Convergent evolution & (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale (c) Divergent evolution & (iii) Wings of Butterfly and Bird (d) Evolution by anthropogenic action & (iv) Darwin Finches array Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (a) (iii) (b) (ii) (c) (i) (d) (iv) (a) (ii) (b) (i) (c) (iv) (d) (iii) (a) (i) (b) (iv) (c) (iii) (d) (ii) (a) (iv) (b) (iii) (c) (ii) (d) (i) When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed microevolution co-evolution convergent evolution divergent evolution Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation. (1) Tasmanian wolf, Bobcat, Marsupial mole (2) Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger (3) Mole, Flying squirrel, Tasmanian tiger cat (4) Lemur, Anteater, Wolf Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution? Fore limbs of whales and bats Flippers of penguins and dolphins Eyes of octopuses and mammals Wings of butterflies and birds Adaptive radiation in placental mammals and Australian Marsupials leading to similarity between distant species is an example of . divergent evolution convergent evolution founder effect genetic drift Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A : Forelimbs of human and bats are homologous. Reason R : Forelimbs of human and bats have similar anatomical structure. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A A is true but R is false A is false but R is true Adaptive radiation refers to evolution of different species from a common ancestor migration of members of a species to different geographical areas power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of environments adaptations due to geographical isolation. What is common to whale, seal and shark? thick subcutaneous fat convergent evolution homoiothermy seasonal migration. According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to (1) Intraspecific competition. (2) Interspecific competition. (3) Competition within closely related species. (4) Reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of interfering species. The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of (1) Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution. (2) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution. (3) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution. (4) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution. Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of :- Analogous organs Adaptive radiation Homologous organs Convergent evolution