Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Chemical Coordination. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.
Which one of the following is a peptide hormone:- Glucagon Testosterone Thyroxin Adrenaline A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterized by (i) a low metabolic rate (ii) increase in body weight and (iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is : Cretinism Hypothyroidism Simple goiter Myxoedema A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of Deficiency of iodine in diet Low secretion of growth hormone Cancer of the thyroid gland Over secretion of pars distalis Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/ deficiency symptom (1) Anterior pituitary | Oxytocin | Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth (2) Posterior pituitary | Growth Hormone (GH) | Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth (3) Thyroid gland | Thyroxine | Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre (4) Corpus luteum | Testosterone | Stimulates spermatogenesis Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings? Thyroxin Insulin Adrenaline Estradiol Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of : the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. the kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels. The amino acid Tryptophan is the precursor for the synthesis of :- (1) Melatonin and Serotonin (2) Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine (3) Estrogen and Progesterone (4) Cortisol and Cortisone Thymosin is responsible for: Decreased production of T-lymphocytes Inhibiting the production of antibodies Decreasing the blood calcium level in old individuals Increased production of T-lymphocytes Which of the following is an amino acid derived hormone? Estradiol Ecdysone Epinephrine Estriol Which of the following glucose transporters is insulin-dependent? (1) GLUT IV (2) GLUT I (3) GLUT II (4) GLUT III Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus? Uremia and Renal Calculi Ketonuria and Glycosuria Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia Uremia and Ketonuria Which one of the following statements is correct ? Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, and nervous system regulates endocrine glands Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa Erythropoietin hormone which stimulates R.B.C. formation is produced by: The cells of rostral adenohypophysis The cells of bone marrow Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney Alpha cells of pancreas Match List I with List II. array ll List I & List II A. CCK & I. Kidney B. GIP & II. Heart C. ANF & III. Gastric gland D. ADH & IV. Pancreas array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I Which of the following is not a steroid hormone? Cortisol Testosterone Progesterone Glucagon Match List I with List II : array llll ; & List I & ; & List II A. & Exophthalmic goiter & I. & Excess secretion of cortisol, moon face & hyperglycemia. B. & Acromegaly & II. & Hypo-secretion of thyroid hormone and stunted growth. C. & Cushing's syndrome & III. & Hyper secretion of thyroid hormone & protruding eye balls. D. & Cretinism & IV. & Excessive secretion of growth hormone. array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones : (A) It causes pupillary constriction. (B) It is a hyperglycemic hormone. (C) It causes piloerection. (D) It increases strength of heart contraction. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : D only C and D only B, C and D only A, C and D only Which of the following hormones released from the pituitary is actually synthesized in the hypothalamus? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Why can’t insulin be given orally to diabetic patients? Its bioavailability will be increased Human body will elicit strong immune response It will be digested in Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract Because of structural variation Match List-I with List-II. array llll ; & List-I & ; & List-II A. & Heart & (I) & Erythropoietin B. & Kidney & (II) & Aldosterone C. & Gastro-intestinal tract & (III) & Atrial natriuretic factor D. & Adrenal Cortex & (IV) & Secretin array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II Which gland is often referred to as the 'Biological Clock' of the body because it secretes melatonin? Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus The center for controlling the 'Vomiting reflex' in the human brain is located in the: Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Hypothalamus Cerebrum A steroid hormone which regulates glucose metabolism is- Cortisol Corticosterone 11-deoxycorticosterone Cortisone Which of the following hormones are actually synthesized by the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary? Oxytocin and ADH MSH and Melatonin T3 and T4 Prolactin and LH Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for 'resting and digesting' activities, such as constricting the pupil and stimulating salivation? Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Central nervous system In the mechanism of hormone action, which of the following hormones requires a secondary messenger because it cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane? Epinephrine Cortisol Testosterone Estradiol Which hormone is secreted by the intermediate lobe (Pars intermedia) of the pituitary gland in humans? Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) Oxytocin Vasopressin Prolactin The 'Satiety Center', which controls the feeling of fullness and hunger, is located in which part of the brain? Hypothalamus Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum Thalamus Which of the following acts as a second messenger in the mechanism of action of protein hormones like Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)? Cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) Estrogen Thyroxine DNA Hormones that interact with membrane-bound receptors typically generate secondary messengers. Which of the following is NOT a common secondary messenger? Potassium ions ( K + ) Cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) Inositol triphosphate ( IP 3 ) Calcium ions ( Ca 2+ ) Which of the following hormones initiates its action by binding to intracellular receptors, usually in the nucleus? Iodothyronines (Thyroid hormones) Insulin Epinephrine Glucagon Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of higher levels of cortisone lower levels of blood testosterone lower levels of adrenaline/ noradrenaline in its blood higher levels of thyroxine. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback loop in humans? secretion of tears after falling of sand particles into the eye. salivation of mouth at the sight of delicious food secretion of sweat glands and constriction of skin blood vessels when it is too hot constriction of skin blood vessels and contraction of skeletal muscles when it is too cold Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action ? cGMP Calcium Sodium cAMP Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system? (1) Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus. (2) Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones. (3) Non - nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones. (4) Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland. Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function : Oxytocin - posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands. Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleepwake cycle. Progesterone - corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs. Atrial natriuretic factor - ventricular wall increases the blood pressure. Which of the following pairs of hormones are not antagonistic (having opposite effects) to each other? Parathormone – Calcitonin Insulin – Glucagon Aldosterone – Atrial Natriuretic Factor Relaxin – Inhibin Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis? Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone Progesterone and Aldosterone Aldosterone and Prolactin Parathyroid hormone and Prolactin Match the following hormones with the respective disease array ll (a) Insulin & (i) Addison's disease (b) Thyroxin & (ii) Diabetes insipidus (c) Corticoids & (iii) Acromegaly (d) Growth Hormone & (iv) Goitre ; & (v) Diabetes mellitus array Select the correct option. (a) (b) (c) (d) (1) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (2) (v) (i) (ii) (iii) (3) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (4) (v) (iv) (i) (iii) How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities? (1) Using aquaporin channels as second messenger (2) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane (3) Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex (4) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane Select the correct statement. Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia. Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes. Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. Match the following columns and array ll Column-I & Column-II (a) Pituitary gland & (i) Grave’s disease (b) Thyroid gland & (ii) Diabetes mellitus (c) Adrenal gland & (iii) Diabetes insipidus (d) Pancreas & (iv) Addison’s disease array select the correct option. a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii Which of the following are not the effects of Parathyroid hormone? (a) Stimulates the process of bone resorption (b) Decreases Ca 2+ level in blood (c) Reabsorption of Ca 2+ by renal tubules (d) Decreases the absorption of Ca 2+ from digested food (e) Increases metabolism of carbohydrates Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: (b), (d) and (e) only (a) and (e) only (b) and (c) only (a) and (c) only Which of the following are NOT under the control of thyroid hormone? A. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance B. Regulation of basal metabolic rate C. Normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle D. Development of immune system E. Support the process of RBCs formation Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A and D only B and C only C and D only D and E only Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones ? (1) Posterior pituitary lobe (2) Intermediate lobe of the pituitary (3) Hypothalamus (4) Anterior pituitary lobe Match List-I with List-II. array llll ; & List-I & ; & List-II A. & Progesterone & I. & Pars intermedia B. & Relaxin & II. & Ovary C. & Melanocyte stimulating hormone & III. & Adrenal Medulla D. & Catecholamines & IV. & Corpus luteum array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III Match List I with List II: array llll ; & List-I & ; & List-II A. & Cortisol & I. & Stimulates the formation of alveoli in mammary glands B. & Aldosterone & II. & Produces anti-inflammatory reactions C. & Cholecystokinin & III. & Stimulates reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubule D & Progesterone & IV. & Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice array Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I Which of the following statements related to pituitary gland are correct? (a) It is divided anatomically into adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis (b) It secretes follicle stimulating hormone (c) It secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (d) It does not secrete prolactin Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (a) and (b) only (a), (b) and (c) only (c) and (d) only (b) and (c) only Which one of the following statements is incorrect? -cells of pancreas secrete glucagon -cells of pancreas secrete insulin Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis -cells of pancreas secrete insulin Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II Which hormone causes dilation of blood vessels, increased oxygen consumption an glucogenesis ? (1) ACTH (2) Insulin (3) Adrenalin (4) Glucagon A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorus metabolism in his body. Which one of the following glands may not be functioning properly ? parotid pancreas thyroid parathyroid Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoreyed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action ? adrenaline glucagon gastrin thyroxine Which of the following hormones contains iodine ? Thyroxine Insuline Testosterone Adrenaline