Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Flower, Fruit, and Seed. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.
Which chemical compound is widely used as a source of ethylene to hasten fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples? Ethephon Zeatin IAA GA 3 Seed coat is not thin, membranous in Maize Coconut Groundnut Gram Which plant hormone is synthesized from the precursor Violaxanthin, a type of carotenoid? Abscisic acid (ABA) Gibberellic acid (GA) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) Zeatin Which of the following is considered a 'photoblastic' seed that requires exposure to light to initiate germination? Lettuce Maize Pea Bean A long-day plant will flower only if: The light period exceeds a critical duration The dark period exceeds a critical duration The light period is interrupted by a flash of far-red light It is kept in continuous darkness A plant is classified as a 'Short-Day Plant' (SDP). It will fail to flower if the continuous dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of: Red light Far-red light Blue light Green light The transport of Auxin (IAA) in the plant stem is characterized by which of the following? Basipetal transport Acropetal transport Non-polar transport Radial transport Which of the following describes the 'Log phase' of the sigmoid growth curve? Rapid exponential growth where resources are abundant Initial slow growth where the plant adapts to its environment Growth slows down due to limited resources A period of no growth or senescence Abscisic acid (ABA) is often called an antagonist to: Gibberellic acid (GAs) Auxins Cytokinins Ethylene Which of the following inhibits the growth of the lateral buds when the apical bud is present? Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin Ethylene Skoog and Miller identified a substance from herring sperm DNA that promoted cell division. This substance, 'Kinetin', is chemically a/an: Adenine derivative (Purine) Carotenoid derivative Terpene derivative Indole compound A root elongating at a constant rate represents which type of growth? Arithmetic growth Geometric growth Exponential growth Sigmoid growth Placenta and pericarp are both edible portions in: Apple Banana Tomato Potato Which hormone is used to increase the length of grapes stalks? Gibberellins Auxins Cytokinins Ethylene Spraying sugarcane crops with which of the following plant growth regulators increases the length of the stem, thus increasing the yield? Gibberellins Auxins Cytokinins Abscisic acid The synthesis of Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid) primarily occurs in which part of the plant? Shoot apices and developing seeds Mature leaves Xylem vessels Root caps Which plant hormone plays a critical role in seed maturation and the synthesis of storage proteins? Abscisic acid Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin During the process of seed germination, Gibberellins ( GA ) stimulate the synthesis of which hydrolytic enzyme to break down starch in the endosperm? -amylase Protease Lipase Invertase Fruit and leaf drop at early stages can be prevented by the application of: Auxins Ethylene Abscisic acid Cytokinins Which phase of the sigmoid growth curve is characterized by the most rapid increase in the size of the plant or organ? Exponential (Log) phase Lag phase Stationary phase Senescence phase Who first demonstrated that the site of auxin production is the tip of the coleoptile, and it is transmitted to the growth zone? Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin F.W. Went E. Kurosawa Skoog and Miller Which of the following plant growth regulators is a derivative of terpenes? Gibberellins Auxins Cytokinins Ethylene The process of 'Richmond-Lang effect' refers to the prevention of senescence in leaves by the application of which hormone? Cytokinins Gibberellins Auxins Abscisic acid Which one of the following statements is correct ? The seed in grasses is not endospermic. Mango is a parthenocarpic fruit. A proteinaceous aleurone layer is present in maize grain. A sterile pistil is called a staminode. The natural cytokinin 'Zeatin' was first isolated from which of the following sources? Corn kernels and coconut milk Herring sperm DNA Fungus Gibberella fujikuroi Human urine The concept of 'Florigen', a hypothetical hormone responsible for flowering, was proposed to be translocated from: Leaves to the Shoot Apex Roots to the Leaves Flowers to the Roots Stem to the Seeds In their classic experiment on phototropism, Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin observed that the coleoptiles of which plant would bend towards light? Canary grass ( Phalaris canariensis ) Oat ( Avena sativa ) Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) Rice ( Oryza sativa ) When two hormones act together to produce a result that is greater than the sum of their individual effects, the interaction is called: Synergism Antagonism Plasticity Bolting Plant growth is unique because plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life. This is due to the presence of: Meristems Parenchyma Sclerenchyma Epidermis Which of the following synthetic compounds is used as a powerful weedicide to clear dicot weeds, similar to 2,4-D? 2,4,5-T NAA IBA ABA Cytokinins help in overcoming apical dominance by promoting the growth of: Lateral buds Terminal buds Tap roots Adventitious roots The inhibition of lateral bud growth by the presence of the apical bud is an example of: Apical dominance Vernalization Photoperiodism Senescence Which plant hormone was first isolated from human urine? Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin Abscisic acid The hormone primarily responsible for apical dominance in plants is: Auxin Cytokinin Gibberellin Abscisic acid An aggregate fruit is one which develops from : Multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium Multicarpellary apocarpus gynoecium Complete inflorescence Multicarpellary superior ovary Stomata that open only at night and remain closed during the day (scotoactive stomata) are a characteristic adaptation of which group of plants? CAM plants C 3 plants C 4 plants Hydrophytes Which of the following describes the chemical nature of all known gibberellins found in plants? Acidic Basic Neutral Amphoteric Which of the following is widely used as a natural source of cytokinins in plant tissue culture media? Coconut milk Castor oil Autoclaved soil Yeast extract Plant growth is unique because plants retain the capacity for growth throughout their life due to the presence of meristems. This type of growth is termed as: Indeterminate growth Determinate growth Closed growth Limited growth Among the various gibberellins discovered, which one was the first to be characterized and remains the most common and widely studied form? GA 3 GA 1 GA 7 GA 12 Which of the following plant hormones is used to initiate flowering and synchronize fruit-set in pineapples? Ethylene Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin Which of the following is a gaseous plant growth regulator? Ethylene ABA IAA GA3 In dicotyledonous plants, the increase in girth (width) is due to the activity of which of the following tissues? Lateral meristems Apical meristems Intercalary meristems Parenchyma Before it was officially named Abscisic Acid (ABA), the hormone was independently isolated and named by researchers as: Dormin Zeatin Florigen Vernalin Which of the following plants is a classic example of a 'Long Day Plant' (LDP)? Wheat Soybean Tobacco Chrysanthemum Non-albuminous seed is produced in :- Maize Castor Wheat Pea Cytokinins are naturally synthesized in plant regions where rapid cell division occurs. Which of the following is a primary site of synthesis? Root apices Mature leaves Woody stems Senescent flowers The sigmoid growth curve is characteristic of: Living organisms in a natural environment Cells in a culture with unlimited resources Individual organs only Dead organic matter The phenomenon of 'bolting' or internode elongation just prior to flowering is induced by: Gibberellins Auxins Cytokinins Ethylene In some plants, the fleshy edible part of the fruit is actually an 'Aril', which is a modified form of the: Third integument (Funiculus) Outer integument Pericarp Thalamus Which of the following parts of the flower develops into the fruit in an apple? Thalamus Ovary Pericarp Nucellus In a surgical procedure called vasectomy, a small part of which structure is removed or tied up? Vas deferens Vasa efferentia Epididymis Ejaculatory duct The shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary system in the human male is: Urethra Ureter Vas deferens Vasa efferentia What is the specific method of embryo sac development where the embryo sac develops from a single functional megaspore? Monosporic development Bisporic development Tetrasporic development Aposporic development Double fertilization is a characteristic feature of: Angiosperms Gymnosperms Pteridophytes Bryophytes The development of a fruit without the process of fertilization is called: Parthenocarpy Parthenogenesis Apomixis Amphimixis The standard petal of a papilionaceous corolla is also called : Carina Pappus Vexillum Corona Which of the following STIs can be transmitted through sharing of injection needles or blood transfusion? Hepatitis-B and HIV Genital Herpes and HIV Syphilis and Gonorrhea Chlamydiasis and Hepatitis-B Which one of the following represents an ovule, where the embryo sac becomes horse- shoe shaped and the funiculus and micropyle are close to each other - Amphitropous Anatropous Circinotropous Atropous Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in - Cashew nut and litchi Groundnut and pomegranate Walnut and tamarind French bean and coconut An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm and caruncle is - Castor Cotton Coffee Lily A fruit developed from hypanthodium inflorescence is called : Caryopsis Hesperidium Sorosis Syconus An example of axile placentation is - Marigold Argemone Dianthus Lemon Among bitter gourd, mustard, brinjal, pumpkin, china rose, lupin, cucumber, sunnhemp, gram, guava, bean, chilli, plum, petunia, tomato, rose, withania, potato, onion, aloe and tulip how many plants have hypogynous flower? Six Ten Fifteen Eighteen Perisperm differs from endosperm in Being a haploid tissue Having no reserve food Being a diploid tissue Its formation by fusion of secondary nucleus with several sperms Axile placentation is observed in Mustard, Cucumber and Primrose China rose, Beans and Lupin Tomato, Dianthus and Pea China rose, Petunia and Lemon Identify the type of flowers based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium with respect to the ovary from the given figures (a) and (b) (a) Epigynous; (b) Hypogynous (a) Hypogynous; (b) Epigynous (a) Perigynous; (b) Epigynous (a) Perigynous; (b) Perigynous Proximal end of the filament of stamen is attached to the Anther Connective Placenta Thalamus or petal Match List I with List II : array llll ; & List I & ; & List II A. & Scutellum & I. & Persistent nucellus B. & Non-albuminous seed & II. & Cotyledon of Monocot seed C. & Epiblast & III. & Groundnut D. & Perisperm & IV. & Rudimentary cotyledon array Choose the option with all correct matches. A-II, B- IV, C-III, D-I A-II, B- III, C-IV, D-I A-IV, B- III, C-II, D-I A-IV, B- III, C-I, D-II Match List I with List II : array llll ; & List I; (Placentation) & ; & List II; (Example) A. & Marginal & I. & Mustard B. & Axile & II. & Pea C. & Parietal & III. & Marigold D. & Basal & IV. & Lemon array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV Identify the correct floral formula for the family Fabaceae: % 26a5 K (5) C 1+2+(2) A (9)+1 G 1 26a5 K (5) C (5) A 5 G (2) 26a5 P (3+3) A 3+3 G (3) % 26a5 K (5) C 5 A 10 G 1 Identify the floral formula belonging to the family Brassicaceae (e.g., Mustard). ⚥ K 2+2 C 4 A 2+4 G (2) ⚥ K (5) C (5) A 5 G (2) % ⚥ K (5) C 1+2+(2) A (9)+1 G 1 Br ⚥ P (3+3) A 3+3 G (3) The fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi , which causes the 'Bakane' disease, was first studied by which scientist who reported the appearance of disease symptoms in uninfected rice seedlings when treated with sterile filtrates of the fungus? E. Kurosawa T.O. Diener F.W. Went H.H. Dixon Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III Cotyledon of maize grain is called :- (1) plumule (2) coleorhiza (3) coleoptile (4) scutellum The hollow foliar structure in a wheat embryo that encloses the shoot apex and a few leaf primordia is called: Coleoptile Coleorrhiza Epicotyl Hypocotyl Placentation in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or in peripheral part, is (1) Free central (2) Basal (3) Axile (4) Parietal Relative Growth Rate (RGR) in plants is calculated as: Growth per unit time per unit initial parameter Total growth divided by total time Final size minus initial size The slope of the linear phase only Persistent nucellus in the seed is known as (1) Tegmen (2) Chalaza (3) Perisperm (4) Hilum Ray florets have Superior ovary Hypogynous ovary Half inferior ovary Inferior ovary The ovary is half inferior in : Mustard Sunflower Plum Brinjal Diadelphous stamens are found in Citrus Pea China rose and citrus China rose The flowers are Zygomorphic in: (a) Mustard (b) Gulmohar (c) Cassia (d) Datura (e) Chilly Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (b), (c) Only (d), (e) Only (c), (d), (e) Only (a), (b), (c) Only Which one of the following plants shows vexillary aestivation and diadelphous stamens? Pisum sativum Allium cepa Solanum nigrum Colchicum autumnale Which part of the fruit, labelled in the given figure makes it a false fruit? B → Endocarp C → Thalamus D → Seed A → Mesocarp Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R : Assertion A : A flower is defined as modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem. Reason R : Internode of the shoot gets condensed to produce different floral appendages laterally at successive node instead of leaves. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below : Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A A is true but R is false A is false but R is true Identify the part of the seed from the given figure which is destined to form root when the seed germinates. A B C D Which of the following is an example of a zygomorphic flower? Chilli Petunia Datura Pea Which plant hormone is commonly known as the 'stress hormone' because it helps plants cope with environmental stresses? Abscisic acid (ABA) Gibberellic acid (GA) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) Ethylene Which type of aestivation is characterized by margins of sepals or petals overlapping one another but not in any particular direction, as seen in Cassia and Gulmohur? Imbricate Twisted Valvate Vexillary When the receptacle grows upwards enfolding the ovary completely and getting fused with it, and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, the flower is: Epigynous Hypogynous Perigynous Superior The 'grittiness' felt while eating fruits like guava, pear, and sapota is due to the presence of: Sclereids Tracheids Collenchyma Xylem fibers The morphological nature of the edible part of coconut is: Endosperm Perisperm Cotyledon Pericarp Stamens that are attached to the petals, a condition known as epipetalous, are found in the flowers of: Brinjal Lily Pea Mustard Ray florets of Sunflower ( Helianthus ) possess which type of ovary? Inferior ovary Superior ovary Half-inferior ovary Half-superior ovary In the seeds of cereals like Maize, the fruit is a single-seeded unit where the pericarp is fused with the seed coat. This type of fruit is called: Caryopsis Achene Cypsela Nut If the gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level, the flower is said to be perigynous. Identify the examples of such flowers: Plum, Rose, Peach Mustard, China rose, Brinjal Guava, Cucumber, Ray florets Lily, Onion, Asparagus The 'gritty' texture found in the pulp of fruits like pear, sapota, and guava is due to the presence of: Sclereids Fibres Tracheids Collenchyma Parasitic plants like Cuscuta (Dodder) develop specialized roots to absorb nutrients from the host plant. These roots are called: Haustoria Hygroscopic roots Stilt roots Prop roots Which of the following represents the edible part of the fruit of Litchi - Endocarp Pericarp Juicy aril Mesocarp In which type of placentation does the placenta develop along the central axis of a multilocular ovary, with ovules attached to it, as seen in Lemon and Tomato? Axile Parietal Marginal Basal In Calotropis, the sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping. This aestivation is: Valvate Twisted Imbricate Vexillary In Argemone and Mustard, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary. This type of placentation is: Parietal Axile Basal Free central Identify the correctly matched pair of the plant and its fruit type: Tomato - Berry Pea - Drupe Mango - Hesperidium Coconut - Pepo A fruit formed from a single flower with a polycarpellary, apocarpous gynoecium is classified as a/an: Aggregate fruit Simple fruit Composite fruit Parthenocarpic fruit In some plants like Cucurbita, the stamens are fused by both their filaments and anthers. This condition is known as: Synandrous Syngenesious Monadelphous Protandrous A specialized type of cymose inflorescence called 'Verticillaster', where flowers are arranged in two clusters at each node, is characteristic of which family? Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Solanaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae When the anthers are fused into a tube but the filaments remain free, the condition is called 'syngenesious'. This is a characteristic feature of which family? Asteraceae Solanaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae The condition where both anthers and filaments are fused throughout their length is called: Synandrous Syngenesious Protandrous Gynandrous The morphological nature of the protective sheath that encloses the radicle in monocot seeds is called: Coleorhiza Coleoptile Scutellum Aleurone layer Pineapple (ananas) fruit develops from- a unilocular polycarpellary flower a multipistillate syncarpous flower a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis a multilocular monocarpellary flower Which of the following plants produces seeds that are exceptionally small and contain a reduced embryo without distinct cotyledons? Orchids Castor Maize Gram In Nymphaea (Water Lily), the ovules are developed all over the inner surface of the ovary wall, including the septa. This type of placentation is called: Superficial Parietal Axile Marginal The presence of an 'oblique septum' in a bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with a swollen placenta is characteristic of the family: Solanaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Brassicaceae Identify the type of placentation where the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules are borne on this ridge forming two rows, as seen in Pea. Marginal Axile Parietal Free central In the family Brassicaceae, the ovary is initially unilocular but becomes bilocular due to the formation of a false septum called the: Replum Placenta Thalamus Rachis Which of the following plants possess actinomorphic (radial) symmetry in their flowers? Mustard, Datura, Chilli Pea, Gulmohur, Bean Canna, Cassia, Mustard Mustard, Pea, Bean When stamens are united into more than two bundles, the condition is referred to as: Polyadelphous Diadelphous Monadelphous Syngenesious In a monocotyledonous seed, the outer covering of the endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinaceous layer called the: Aleurone layer Scutellum Coleoptile Pericarp The hilum is a scar on the: Seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit Fruit where the style was attached Seed coat where the micropyle is located Seed where the radicle emerges In which plant is the placenta developed along the central axis of a multilocular ovary, with the ovules attached to it? Lemon Argemone Dianthus Sunflower In which of the following fruits is the edible part the aril ? Custard apple Pomegranate Orange Litchi Fruits that develop without the fertilization of the ovary are called: Parthenocarpic fruits Apomictic fruits Parthenogenetic fruits Polyembryonic fruits A persistent calyx, which remains attached to the fruit and may even grow with it, is a common feature of which family? Solanaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Brassicaceae In China rose, the stamens are united into a single bundle or tube. This condition is termed as: Monadelphous Diadelphous Polyadelphous Syngenesious Polyadelphous stamens, where the filaments are united into more than two bundles, are typically found in: Citrus China rose Pea Mustard In a typical dicotyledonous seed, the seed coat consists of two layers. The inner layer is known as the: Tegmen Testa Hilum Micropyle Vexillary aestivation is a characteristic feature of which of the following families? Fabaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae Liliaceae When the gynoecium consists of several carpels that are free from one another, it is described as: Apocarpous Syncarpous Monocarpous Polyadelphous In a seed, the micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat. Its primary function during germination is to facilitate the entry of: Water and Oxygen Carbon dioxide and Light Minerals and Sugars Nitrogen and Auxins In some plants, the fruit develops from the thalamus or other floral parts along with the ovary. Such fruits are called 'False Fruits'. An example is: Apple Mango Banana Grapes The site of perception of the low-temperature stimulus (vernalization) in plants is the: Shoot apex Mature leaves Lateral roots Endosperm What type of placentation is seen in sweet pea ? Basal Axile Free central Marginal Which plant hormone is specifically known to promote xylem differentiation and help in wound healing? Auxin Gibberellin Abscisic acid Ethylene Gibberellins are used to induce parthenocarpy (seedless fruit formation) in which of the following plants? Apples and Pears Watermelons Papaya Coconuts The induction of flowering by a period of low temperature is called vernalization. Which of the following is a 'Short-day' plant where flowering is also influenced by photoperiod? Tobacco Wheat Radish Spinach Ethylene is known to stimulate the flowering in which of the following plants to synchronize fruit set? Pineapple Mango Tomato Citrus Which of the following chemical compounds is a naturally occurring inhibitor found in seeds that contributes to seed dormancy? Para-ascorbic acid Indole-3-acetic acid Gibberellic acid Zeatin The 'nutrient mobilization' effect, where nutrients are drawn towards a site of hormone application, thus delaying senescence, is characteristic of: Cytokinins Auxins Abscisic acid Ethylene The mechanical or chemical treatment of seeds to break dormancy by weakening the seed coat is known as: Scarification Stratification Vernalization Quiescence The 'root inhibition test' and 'Avena coleoptile curvature test' are bioassays associated with which hormone? Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin Ethylene Some plants, like the 'winter variety' of wheat, are planted in autumn. They germinate and spend winter as seedlings, then resume growth in spring. If they were planted in spring, they would: Fail to flower in the same season Flower earlier than usual Die immediately due to heat Produce more seeds Abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for plants to withstand long periods of drought because it increases the 'desiccation tolerance' of: Seeds Flowers Stems Pollen Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are- Anthers Styles Ovaries Hairs The gaseous plant growth regulator Ethylene is synthesized from which of the following amino acid precursors? Methionine Tryptophan Tyrosine Alanine The differentiation of tracheary elements in plants involves which of the following cellular changes? Loss of protoplasm and development of lignocellulosic cell walls Increase in cytoplasm and reduction of cell wall thickness Formation of multiple nuclei and large vacuoles Conversion of parenchyma into meristematic tissue Phytochrome exists in two forms. The Pr (red-absorbing) form has an absorption peak at approximately: 660 nm 730 nm 440 nm 550 nm The development of an 'apical hook' in the seedlings of dicots is a characteristic response to the presence of which hormone? Ethylene Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin The polar transport of Auxin in the plant stem occurs in which direction? Basipetal (Apex to Base) Acropetal (Base to Apex) Lateral (Side to Side) Bidirectional Which of the following plant growth regulators is used to kill dicotyledonous weeds in cereal fields? 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) Abscisic acid (ABA) Gibberellic acid ( GA 3 ) Phytochrome red (Pr) is the inactive form of the pigment that absorbs light of what specific wavelength? 660 nm 730 nm 420 nm 550 nm In the analysis of plant growth, the 'Relative Growth Rate' ( RGR ) is often referred to as the: Efficiency Index Absolute Growth Rate Arithmetic Growth Rate Plasticity Index Gibberellins are known to play a vital role in breaking seed dormancy by inducing the synthesis of which enzyme during germination? -amylase Protease Lipase Cellulase Gibberellins (GAs) were named after the fungus 'Gibberella fujikuroi'. To which group of chemical compounds do they belong? Terpenes Adenine derivatives Carotenoid derivatives Indole compounds In China rose the flowers are Actinomorphic, hypogynous with twisted aestivation Actinomorphic, epigynous with valvate aestivation Zygomorphic, hypogynous with imbricate aestivation Zygomorphic, epigynous with twisted aestivation The measurement of growth in plants can be expressed in several ways. Which of the following is considered the most reliable parameter for growth in a laboratory setting? Increase in Dry weight Increase in Fresh weight Increase in Volume Increase in Cell number What is the effect of red light followed by far-red light on the germination of certain seeds? Inhibition of germination Stimulation of germination No effect Enhanced growth but no germination The 'Triple Response' in seedlings, characterized by thickening of the axis and horizontal growth, is induced by: Ethylene Auxin Cytokinin Gibberellin Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) helps plants in: Conserving water Increasing growth rate Decreasing respiration Reducing secondary growth A short-day plant (SDP) is exposed to a brief flash of red light in the middle of its critical dark period. What will be the effect on flowering? Flowering will be inhibited Flowering will be stimulated No effect on flowering The plant will die Auxin is transported in plants primarily in a 'polar' fashion. In the stem, this transport is: Basipetal (Apex to base) Acropetal (Base to apex) Lateral (Side to side) Bidirectional The process where differentiated cells, such as those in the interfascicular cambium, undergo further differentiation to form specific secondary tissues is known as: Redifferentiation Dedifferentiation Plasticity Vernalization Phytochrome, a pigment involved in photoperiodism, exists in two interconvertible forms. Which form is physiologically active and induces flowering in long-day plants? P fr (Far-red absorbing form) P r (Red absorbing form) P 660 Chlorophyll b In plant growth analysis, the 'Absolute Growth Rate' is defined as the: Total growth per unit time Growth of a system per unit time expressed per unit initial parameter Increase in size per unit of existing biomass Final size divided by initial size The 'Pacemaker' enzyme that regulates the rate of glycolysis by catalyzing the conversion of Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Hexokinase Pyruvate kinase Aldolase