Morphology of Flowering Plants — Practice Questions

Free NEET Biology multiple-choice questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants. Attempt each question and reveal the answer with a full explanation.

In Opuntia, the photosynthetic function is taken over by: Phylloclade Cladode Phyllode Stipules Which of the following is an example of actinomorphic flower? Datura Cassia Pisum Sesbania Match List I with List II array ll List I; (Types of Stamens) & List II; (Example) A. Monoadelphous & I. Citrus B. Diadelphous & II. Pea C. Polyadelphous & III. Lily D. Epiphyllous & IV. China-rose array Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (1) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III (2) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III (3) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III (4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II In racemose inflorescence, . The growth is limited Flowers are solitary Flowers are borne in an acropetal succession The main axis terminates in a flower In angiosperms, root hairs arise from which one of the following regions of the root? The region of elongation The region of meristematic activity The region of maturation The root cap zone Which of the following is a sub-aerial modification of stem for vegetative propagation? Runner Thorn Phylloclade Tuber In some leguminous plants, the leaf base may become swollen. This structure is specifically called a: Pulvinus Sheathing leaf base Stipule Ligule Identify the type of inflorescence where the main axis terminates in a flower and has limited growth, as seen in Solanum. Cymose Racemose Umbel Capitulum In a floral formula, the symbol ' % ' represents which of the following symmetries? Zygomorphic Actinomorphic Asymmetric Bilateral In some plants, the root is modified into a storage organ that is thickest in the middle and tapers towards both ends. This type of root is called: Fusiform root Napiform root Conical root Tuberous root A whorl of bracteoles present outside the calyx, commonly seen in members of the Malvaceae family like Hibiscus, is the: Epicalyx Perianth Involucre Pappus When the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another without any particular direction, the condition is termed as : Vexillary Imbricate Twisted Valvate Which of the following families is characterized by the presence of a perianth? Liliaceae Fabaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae In Alstonia, the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem is called: Whorled phyllotaxy Alternate phyllotaxy Opposite phyllotaxy Spiral phyllotaxy Aestivation of petals in flower of cotton is correctly shown in: Twisted Valvate Vexillary Imbricate In a pea flower, the stamens are 9 + (1) , indicating they are: Diadelphous Monadelphous Polyadelphous Syngenesious Which of the following plants possess zygomorphic flowers? Gulmohur and Cassia Mustard and Datura Chilli and Tomato Cucumber and Guava Stem tendrils which are slender and spirally coiled, and help the plant to climb, develop from: Axillary buds Terminal buds Radicle Stipules In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis: Terminates in a flower Continues to grow indefinitely Bears flowers in acropetal succession Has a very short axis with sessile flowers In a racemose inflorescence, the flowers are arranged in: Acropetal succession Basipetal succession Centripetal order No specific order In some plants like Lily, the stamens are attached to the perianth. This condition is known as: Epiphyllous Epipetalous Monadelphous Syngenesious In some plants like Asparagus , the stem modification where branches of limited growth are green and photosynthetic is called a: Cladode Phylloclade Phyllode Bulbil An example of edible underground stem is : Carrot Groundnut Sweet potato Potato The silk cotton leaf is an example of: Palmately compound leaf Pinnately compound leaf Simple leaf Whorled phyllotaxy In plants like Strawberry, the lateral branch that originates from the base of the main axis and grows horizontally along the soil is called a: Runner Sucker Stolon Offset Which type of leaf is characterized by having leaflets attached to a common point, i.e., at the tip of the petiole? Palmately compound leaf Pinnately compound leaf Simple leaf Whorled leaf There may be a variation in the length of filaments within a flower, as seen in: Salvia and Mustard Pea and Bean China rose and Citrus Lily and Asparagus Stilt roots, which provide mechanical support, are found arising from the lower nodes of the stem in: Maize and Sugarcane Banyan and Peepal Pandanus and Rhizophora Carrot and Turnip In some plants like the Australian Acacia, the leaves are small and short-lived. The petioles in these plants expand, become green, and synthesize food. These structures are called: Phyllodes Phylloclades Cladodes Scale leaves A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found in aquatic plants like: Pistia Chrysanthemum Grass Mint In plants like Euphorbia , the stem is modified into a fleshy, green, cylindrical structure that contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis. This modification is a: Phylloclade Phyllode Cladode Thorn Multicellular epidermal hairs on the stem that help in preventing water loss due to transpiration are: Trichomes Root hairs Stomata Guard cells A lateral branch that arises from the underground portion of the main stem, grows horizontally under the soil, and then comes out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots is a: Sucker Runner Stolon Offset Which of the following is not a stem modification? (1) Pitcher of Nepenthes (2) Thorns of citrus (3) Tendrils of cucumber (4) Flattened structures of Opuntia Identify the plant that possesses an imparipinnate compound leaf, where the rachis terminates in a single terminal leaflet. Neem Rose Cassia Silk Cotton In which type of inflorescence is the main axis thick and fleshy, enclosed by one or more large, often brightly colored bracts called spathes? Spadix Spike Catkin Corymb In the leaf epidermis of grasses, the guard cells are: Dumbbell-shaped Bean-shaped Kidney-shaped Circular In some plants like Opuntia , the stem is modified into a flattened, green, fleshy structure that performs photosynthesis. This modification is known as: Phylloclade Phyllode Cladode Stolon Which of the following is an example of 'opposite' phyllotaxy where a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other? Calotropis China rose Alstonia Sunflower Epiphytic roots of certain orchids like Vanda possess a specialized multilayered tissue that absorbs moisture from the atmosphere called: Velamen Phellogen Endodermis Aerenchyma Pneumatophores are found in: Rhizophora Pandanus Ficus benghalensis Colocasia Stomata in grass leaves are: Dumb-bell shaped Kidney shaped Rectangular Barrel shaped Hard, woody and pointed thorns are found in Citrus and Bougainvillea. These structures are modifications of: Axillary buds Leaves Stipules Adventitious roots Leaves of Opuntia are modified into: Spines Thorns Tendrils Scales Stems modified into flat green organs performing the functions of leaves are known as :- Cladodes Phyllodes Phylloclades Scales In some plants, the underground stem is modified to store food and also acts as an organ of perennation to tide over conditions unfavorable for growth. Which of the following is an example of a 'corm'? Amorphophallus Ginger Potato Onion If a plant has an alternate phyllotaxy, how many leaves arise at each node? Single Pair More than two None When the flowers can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, the symmetry is called: Zygomorphic Actinomorphic Asymmetric Radial What is the primary function of trichomes on the stem? Preventing water loss due to transpiration Absorption of water and minerals Protecting the plant from herbivores Increasing the surface area for photosynthesis Which type of stem modification is found in ginger and turmeric, serving as an underground storage organ? Rhizome Tuber Bulb Corm Prop roots are modified adventitious roots that provide support to the massive branches of: Banyan tree Maize Rhizophora Sweet potato In a pinnately compound leaf, a number of leaflets are present on a common axis called the: Rachis Petiole Pulvinus Midrib In some plants like Canna , the flower cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre. This symmetry is known as: Asymmetric Actinomorphic Zygomorphic Bilateral In the insectivorous plant Nepenthes , the leaf lamina is modified into a structure to trap insects. This structure is the: Pitcher Bladder Spine Tendril A plant that requires a night length longer than a critical period to flower is called a: Short-day plant Long-day plant Day-neutral plant None of the above Opposite type of phyllotaxy is not present in: Mango Guava Calotropis Mint Vernalization is the process of: Promotion of flowering by low temperature Promotion of flowering by high temperature Inhibition of flowering by light Promotion of seed germination by water Arithmetic growth in plants can be mathematically expressed by which equation? L t = L 0 + rt W 1 = W 0 e rt W t = W 0 + rt L t = L 0 e rt The site of perception of light/dark duration in plants during photoperiodism is the: Leaves Shoot apex Root apex Axillary buds Plants like Cotton, Coriander, and Larkspur exhibit different leaf shapes in juvenile and adult phases. This phenomenon is an example of: Environmental plasticity Developmental heterophylly Genetic dwarfism Vernalization The phenomenon of heterophylly in aquatic plants like Buttercup (Ranunculus) is an example of: Plasticity Senescence Vernalization Redifferentiation Geometric growth in plants is represented by the equation W 1 = W 0 e rt . In this equation, 'r' represents: Relative growth rate and the ability of the plant to produce new plant material Absolute growth rate and final size of the plant Efficiency index and root-to-shoot ratio The base of natural logarithms Which of the following is considered a natural auxin found in plants? Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) All of the above The heterophylly observed in Cotton, Coriander, and Larkspur is due to: Phases of life (Juvenility) Environmental variation (Water vs Air) Nutritional deficiency Genetic mutation The efficiency of a plant's ability to produce new plant material is called the 'Efficiency Index'. This refers to the: Relative Growth Rate (RGR) Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) Geometric growth constant Net Primary Productivity Kranz anatomy is often associated with 'dimorphic chloroplasts'. This means: Mesophyll cells have granal chloroplasts, while bundle sheath cells have agranal chloroplasts. Mesophyll cells have agranal chloroplasts, while bundle sheath cells have granal chloroplasts. Both cell types have identical granal chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are only present in the mesophyll cells. An inflorescence with younger flowers at the base and the older ones at its apex is known as : Hypanthodium Head Recemose Cymose Which of the following is an example of redifferentiation? Formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem from vascular cambium Formation of cork cambium from cortical cells Formation of interfascicular cambium from parenchyma Elongation of cells in the zone of maturation A short-day plant will flower only when the: Uninterrupted dark period exceeds a critical length Light period exceeds a critical length Dark period is interrupted by a flash of red light Temperature is kept below 5 degrees Celsius The process by which living differentiated cells, that have lost the capacity to divide, regain the power of division under certain conditions is called: Dedifferentiation Differentiation Redifferentiation Senescence Phytochrome exists in two interconvertible forms, Pr and Pfr. Which form absorbs far-red light ( 730 nm) and is converted back into the other form? Pfr Pr P660 None of the above One of the following is a neutral-day plant, meaning its flowering is not influenced by the duration of light/dark periods. Identify it. Tomato Henbane Soybean Maryland Mammoth Tobacco Which of the following is the correct definition of 'Plasticity' in plants? The ability of plants to follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures The ability of a plant to grow indefinitely throughout its life The process of cells losing their protoplasm to become functional structural elements The movement of plant organs in response to the direction of light The middle layer of the anther wall that usually consists of 1-3 layers and is short-lived is: Middle layers Endothecium Tapetum Epidermis Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the tapetum to dissolve the callose wall surrounding the microspore tetrad? Callase Cellulase Pectinase Amylase The cells of which layer of the microsporangium often possess more than one nucleus (polyploid/multinucleate)? Tapetum Endothecium Epidermis Middle layers What is the specific role of 'Callose' in the microspore mother cell? It isolates the MMC from surrounding cells to allow independent meiosis It provides nutrition to the microspores It forms the exine of the pollen grain It helps in the dispersal of pollen Sweet potato is a modified Tap root Adventitious root Stem Rhizome The fibrous thickenings of the endothecium layer in an anther are primarily composed of which substance, aiding in dehiscence? -cellulose Sporopollenin Pectin Lignin The solid mass of 8-16 blastomeres formed during the cleavage of the zygote is called the: Morula Blastocyst Gastrula Trophoblast The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta for the transport of nutrients and oxygen is the: Umbilical cord Yolk sac Amnion Chorion The primary oocyte is surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells and a new theca. At this stage, it is called a: Secondary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Graafian follicle The parasitic plant Cuscuta is commonly found growing on hedge plants. It has lost its chlorophyll and leaves during evolution. It derives its nutrition from the host plant via: Haustoria Rhizoids Mycorrhizae Stomata Identify the correct set of statements : (a) The leaflets are modified into pointed hard thorns in Citrus and Bougainvillea (b) Axillary buds form slender and spirally coiled tendrils in cucumber and pumpkin (c) Stem is flattened and fleshy in Opuntia and modified to perform the function of leaves (d) Rhizophora shows vertically upward growing roots that help to get oxygen for respiration (e) Subaerially growing stems in grasses and strawberry help in vegetative propagation Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (a) and (d) Only (b), (c), (d) and (e) Only (a), (b), (d) and (e) Only (b) and (c) Only Match List I with List II array ll List I & List II A. Rose & I. Twisted aestivation B. Pea & II. Perigynous flower C. Cotton & III. Drupe D. Mango & IV. Marginal placentation array Choose the correct answer from the options given below : A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I Given below are two statements: Statement I: In a floral formula stands for zygomorphic nature of the flower, and G stands for inferior ovary. Statement II: In a floral formula stands for actinomorphic nature of the flower and G stands for superior ovary. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Both Statement I and Statement II are correct Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of . leaves flowers fruits sepals The roots that originate from the base of the stem are Primary roots Prop roots Lateral roots Fibrous roots