Potential Energy Of An Electric Dipole — the NEET Physics formula with its derivation, variables, validity constraints and worked solver.
Potential Energy of an Electric Dipole Applies to an ideal electric dipole placed in a uniform external electric field. Calculate torque τ = p × E. Determine work done rotating the dipole dW = τ dθ. Integrate work from a reference angle (usually 90 degrees/π/2 where U=0) to θ. U(θ) = -pE cos(θ). The electric field must be uniform over the dimensions of the dipole. Angle inputs must be in radians for calculation. Confusing the angle of stable equilibrium (0 degrees) with zero potential energy (90 degrees). Forgetting the negative sign in the formula. Confusing Potential Energy (U) with Torque (τ).