Eukaryotic Cell Structure — a labelled NEET Biology diagram with a definitions lexicon.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure Labelled parts: Cell membrane, Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion, Nucleus, Nuclear envelope, Nuclear pores, Nucleolus, Chromatin, Golgi apparatus, Cis face, Trans face, Lysosome, Cytoskeleton filaments, Centrosome, Plasma membrane, Ciliary axoneme cross-section, 9 outer microtubule doublets, Central microtubule pair. This network of membranes is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes. FYI: Proteins synthesized on the RER ribosomes enter the lumen and undergo initial folding and modification, often involving signal recognition particles (SRP). This organelle is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and the storage of calcium ions. It lacks ribosomes. FYI: The SER is crucial for the detoxification process, where enzymes modify lipid-soluble toxins, making them easier to excrete. This is a pair of barrel-shaped organelles found in animal cells that organizes the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). It is essential for cell division. FYI: During mitosis, the centrosome duplicates and the two centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell to form the spindle fibers. These are dynamic protein structures (including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) that provide structural support, maintain cell shape, and facilitate movement within the cell. FYI: Microfilaments are composed of actin and are primarily involved in muscle contraction and cell crawling, while microtubules are composed of tubulin. The characteristic arrangement of microtubules found in cilia and flagella, typically consisting of nine outer microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair. FYI: The '9+2' arrangement is characteristic of motile cilia and flagella, while primary cilia often exhibit a '9+0' arrangement. Nine pairs of microtubules arranged circumferentially around the central core of the axoneme. FYI: Each outer doublet consists of one complete microtubule (A-tubule) and one incomplete microtubule (B-tubule). The pair of single microtubules located in the center of the axoneme structure. FYI: This central pair is crucial for the coordinated movement and bending of the entire ciliary/flagellar structure.